Radio Basics

Radio Jingles are used for many different things. Here is a list of the different uses for Jingles:





Advertising - Such as for an event coming up or a show on later.
Radioshows - To tell the audience when a show is on and what happens in it.
Product Advertising - Obviously to advertise a certain product or brand, possibly a sponsor of the show.
Station Indents - A quick audio clip shouting out what station the listener is listening to.
News - Introducing the news.

The first thing a stations does when deciding on a radio jingle is to decide on the target audience and work from there. Different audiences have different listening needs. Once this has been established the style can easily be identified and put together using the simple Codes and Conventions as well as looking at the initial things which should always be included in a jingle.

The codes and conventions are listed below:

Speech
Sound effects
Music
Reletive Info
Appropriate for Audience
Recogniseable
Must Identify Station
Name of Presenter and Show
Time and Length of Show
Hightlights

This list must be consulted and followed when making certain Jingles.

Pinhole Cameras

A pinhole camera is a very simple camera with no lens and a single very small aperture. Simply explained, it is a light-proof box with a small hole in one side. Light from a scene passes through this single point and projects an inverted image on the opposite side of the box. Cameras using small apertures and the human eye in bright light both act like a pinhole camera.

In the week, we made our own pinhole camera's in which we use various different bases for our camera such as pingle tubes and shoe boxes to create a light tight box for our image to be projected into. By useing a small sheet of foil with a pin prick in it we were able to project an image onto some photographic paper. Afterwards we developed the paper to create the negative images.

Each image, both outside and inside, included us making subtle changes to the exposure time to get the image just right.

Here are a few examples below...










This is supposed to be a picture of an Orengina Can and a Costa Coffee cup on a bench outside the college. It didn't turn out too bad but I think it could of done with just a bit less exposure.








This was of a tree outside. The exposure was a bit off buy you can still make out one of the larger trees in the middleground. Again, the exposure time is what made the quality of this photo lower than it could of been.

This picture of the atrium was exposed for 40 minuites. The long exposure time seems to of captured the rays of dust reflecting light over a long period of time which has created a ghostly effect.

This image turned out too light initially due to being under exposed. After being inverted you can barely see the outline of the trees, swings and fence.

This is the original of the Atrium picture before it was inverted. In this view you can see the light spots eluminated in black as well as some ghostly figures on the opposite balcony highlighted in black.

The basics of a Camera

Pinhole Cameras are possibly the most basic kind of camera, using no motorised or electronic parts. Here are the basics of what is used to make pictures with a camera.

• Basic description

A Camera is a device that records images, either still or moving images known as videos or movies. The term comes from the camera obscura (Latin for ‘dark chamber’) an early mechanism of projecting images where an entire room functioned as a real-time imaging system; the modern camera evolved from the camera obscura.

• Shutter

In photography, a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.

• Aperture

In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. In photography this can be measured in increments called f-stops.

• Lens

The Lens of a camera captures the light from the subject and brings it to focus on the film.

• Exposure control

The size of the aperture and the brightness of the scene controls the amount of the light that enters the camera during a period of time, and the shutter controls the length of time that the light hits the recording surface. Equivalent exposures can be made with a larger aperture and faster shutter speed or a corresponding smaller aperture and with the shutter speed slowed down.

Below are some examples of pictures taken with a pinhole camera...

Genres of Photography and descriptions of them...

Aerial – The process of taking pictures from the air, usually a bird’s eye view. Examples of this genre were rare and expensive till the appearance of Google Earth in which the entire Earth has been mapped out using bird’s eye view shots.

Black and White – Simply, black and white images are produced either by using specialised photographic paper, or by desaturating a coloured image in an image editing software.

Commercial – Commercial photography includes the use of images in advertising and other commercial use. These are usually pictures of the product or company name that the user is attempting to promote or sell.

Documentary – Documentary photography is usually portrayed in a very realistic and natural way and is used to present almost anything in a factual way. Documentary photography is always non-fictional.

Fashion – This form of photography is utilised to present clothes, usually worn by models, to the general public. This can be used for advertising as well as setting a trend or displaying the latest fashion. It is usually placed in specialised magazines.

Fine Art – There isn’t really a firm definition for ‘Fine Art’. Fine Art can be anything from a portrait to a landscape. It is usually created just to fulfill the creative vision of the artist.

Forensic – Used to record a crime scene for reference later in a case and to discover evidence that may be invisible to the naked eye.

Glamour – Used in the same way as Fashion. Mainly to present clothes to a wide audience.

High Speed – Used in sport to capture a high speed moment in crystal clear focus. It can also be used to see things in slow motion such as a speeding bullet or a high speed impact.

Illustration – Used for book covers to give a potential reader a general idea of the book they are about to read.

Landscape – The technique of taking photos of a landscape. Can be used in conjunction with many other media genres.

Nature – Used to record animals and plants in their natural habitat. Can be used with documentary genre.

Paparazzi – A form of photography which focuses on recording the actions of celebrities and other people.

Photojournalism – Used to record an event to be used in a media publication, either on a news program on TV, Internet or in a newspaper/magazine.

Portrait – Used commercially to capture a picture of a person/people in general or at an event that they wish to record.

Still Life – Mainly the process of taking pictures of stationary objects such as plants on a table or fruit in a bowl.

Stock – Used in the media when either the time or the money is not avalible to hire a photographer. It comprises of pictures which can be bought at a lower price than the hire of a photographer and used by the company in a media product.

Underwater – Self explanatory. The process of taking pictures of underwater objects, plants or creatures.

Wedding – The process of recording a wedding. Usually used in conjunction with Paparazzi if it is a celebrity wedding. Mainly for personal use.

Basics of Photography

Photography is the process, activity and art of creating still or moving pictures by recording radiation on a sensitive medium, such as photographic film or an electronic sensor. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects activate a sensitive chemical or electronic sensor during a timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in a device known as a camera that also stores the resulting information chemically or electronically. Photography has many uses for business, science, art and pleasure.

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